前苏联专利SU1662337A3 Method for manufacturing medical cutting instrument

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专利摘要:
The pointed or cutting work-surface (1) of an instrument for piercing or cutting a patients body is coated to a depth of 1-20nm with a layer (2) of carbon at least partly with diamond crystal structure. The layer is applied by a plasma vapour deposition process carried out in an atmos. of H2 and hydrocarbon gases, esp. methane, ethane or propane, with a very wide range of possible proportions. The plasma is formed with a microwave frequency of 1-10 GHz and applied to a substrate at 300-1300 deg.C. ADVANTAGE - Instrument has min. friction, with no effect on blood coagulation, and is stable w.r.t. body fluids.
公开号:SU1662337A3
申请号:SU874203423
申请日:1987-10-06
公开日:1991-07-07
发明作者:Табе Есинари；Иида Тамики
申请人:Син-Эцу Кемикал Ко., Лтд (Фирма)；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

The invention relates to the field of manufacturing medical cutting tools, such as injection needles, knives, scalpels, scissors, bits, etc., used in medical and dental treatment courses, and can be used in medicine for surgical operations for therapeutic, preventive and inspection purposes.
These cutting medical instruments are used to cut and cut living tissues of the body or inject liquid medications or to take fluids from the body, therefore it is extremely important to achieve the insertion of the cutting edge of this tool into the living tissue of the body with as little friction resistance as possible. It is also important that the surface of this
the instrument in contact with the body tissue did not cause accelerated blood circulation, was stable and immune to the corrosive effects of the medium, even if this instrument was kept in contact with living tissue for a long time. The cutting edge of this tool must be sharp and have high penetrating power.
Usually such cutting medical instruments are made of ceramic materials or metals, if necessary coated with ceramics. These materials are not fully satisfied in terms of resistance to friction with living tissues of the body and accelerating blood coagulation. Because of this, medicine and dentists are in dire need of creating a cutting insulin.
4j

with
free from the indicated disadvantages, conventional medical instruments, and satisfying the requirements.
The purpose of the invention is to increase the penetrating power of the instrument in living tissue.
FIG. 1 shows the cutting medical instrument (scalpel) manufactured by the proposed method; in fig. 2 - the end section of this tool, the cross section.
The cutting medical instrument contains a layer of carbon coating 1 deposited on the surface of the base 2, which has the shape of this cutting medical instrument. By cutting medical instrument, we mean injection needles, knives, scalpels, scissors, chisels, etc., used in medical and dental practice and in surgical operations. The tool base can be made of any conventional material, for example, metal or alloy (stainless steel, sintered hard alloys), sapphire, ruby, ceramics, as well as silicon carbide and silicon nitride, etc. It is not necessary to apply a layer of coating to the entire surface of the base body, however, a significant improvement in penetration and friction resistance can be achieved by applying such a coating having a diamond structure to at least that portion of the surface that comes into contact with the living tissue of the body. For example, at the end of the injection needle or on the cutting edge of the knife.
A coating layer of carbon having a partially crystalline diamond lattice should be 1–20 nm thick, preferably 5–15 nm thick. If the layer thickness is too small, the desired performance improvement can be achieved due to a slightly reduced reliability. If the layer thickness is too large, then the resistance to friction of living tissue of the body increases due to a slightly increased surface roughness, not to mention the fact that the performance of the plasma coating process decreases due to an increase in the time of application of such a thick layer.
A cutting medical instrument equipped with a coating layer is produced by the method of plasma deposition from the gas phase in an atmosphere of a special gas mixture. The essential gaseous components of this gas mixture are hydrogen and gaseous hydrocarbon compound. Some of the hydrogen can be replaced with an inert carrier gas, such as helium, argon, etc., although the proportion of such inert gas replacing hydrogen should not exceed 20–30% by volume so as not to disrupt the discharge stability. Suitable gaseous hydrocarbon compounds include methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, and the like, of which methane is preferred. The proportions of the mixture of hydrocarbon compound and hydrogen can be in a wide range from 500: 1 to 0.001: 1.
The method of plasma vapor deposition involves generating low-temperature plasma generated by applying RF or microwave energy to a metal wire, using RF energy with a frequency of at least 300 MHz, preferably 300-1000 MHz or more preferably microwave energy with a frequency of 1-10 MHz.
When using the plasma vapor deposition method, the base body and the shape of the required cutting tool are placed in a working chamber into which a mixture of hydrogen and a hydrocarbon compound is introduced with the addition of an inert carrier gas. The gas pressure inside the chamber must be maintained in the range from 5 Pa to 50 kPa in order to ensure the stability of the plasma discharge. After that, high-frequency or microwave energy is supplied so that plasma arises in the chamber. In this case, it is important that the surface of the substrate has a temperature of between 500 and 1200 ° C, created by electrical discharge. If the surface temperature of the substrate is less than 500 ° C, then the applied coating layer may have a significant amount of hydrogen, which reduces the mechanical strength of the coating layer. If the surface temperature of the substrate is too high (greater than 1200 ° C), then the crystalline structure of the diamond can be transformed into graphite, although it is difficult to completely structure the entire coating layer without incorporating graphite. Under these conditions, during the plasma-forming discharge a layer of coating is formed on the surface of the substrate by decomposition with plasma, which is at least partially diamond. The plasma vapor deposition procedure continues until the coating layer reaches a predetermined thickness.
PRI me R 1. An injection needle made of polished stainless steel with an outer diameter of 1.0 mm, an end sharpening angle of 8 °, and a radius of curvature at the end of 0.06 mm was placed on the table in a plasma chamber equipped with a plunger and a hole waveguide, placed so that the end of the injection needle was directed towards the gas flow in the plasma chamber. After evacuating the plasma chamber to a pressure of 5 Pa, a gas mixture of methane and hydrogen was introduced into it in a ratio (volume) of 2:98, while the mixture was introduced at a constant rate so that the pressure in the plasma chamber was maintained at a level of 2.7-27 kPa by balancing the gas supply and evacuating the vacuum pump.
A generator magnetron was turned on to generate 2.45 GHz energy, which was fed into a plasma chamber made of quartz glass, through a waveguide so as to obtain a plasma around the injection needle used as the base. When the output power of the microwave radiation reached 300 W, the temperature of the base was maintained at 930 ° C. After 6 minutes of plasma treatment, it was found that a coating layer with a thickness of 5-8 nm was applied on the surface of the substrate.
An injection needle extracted from a plasma chamber was examined by means of an optical microscope and an X-ray diffractometric device, which showed that the coating layer had no microscopic defects and had a diamond crystal structure.
A test for penetration into wet rubber was performed using diamond-coated injection needles and needles prior to coating. The penetration depth of a coated needle with a load of 50 g after 5 min was 20 mm, while the penetration depth of an uncoated needle was only 4 mm.
PRI mme R 2. A ruby scalpel with a thickness of 0.25 mm and a cutting edge angle of 30 ° (Fig. 1, 2) was washed successively with water and isopropyl alcohol, dried and placed on the mounting table in the same plasma chamber as in example 1. The deposition process was carried out as in example 1, except that the gas mixture introduced into the plasma chamber consisted of 5:95 methane and hydrogen and the output power of the microwave radiation was increased to 350 W . therefore, the scalpel temperature was 1050 ° C. The coating process lasted 6 minutes and a 10-12 nm thick coating was applied to the scalpel removed from the chamber.
A scalpel made in this way was examined using an optical microscope and an x-ray
diffractometric device. It was found that the coating has no microscopic defects and has a diamond crystal structure. A penetration test was performed (according to the method
as defined in Japanese Industrial Standard), which gave a penetration depth with a coating with a load of 50 g in 5 minutes 14 mm, while for an uncovered scalpel it was 3.2 mm.
Thus, these coating modes provide an increase in the penetrating power of the instrument into living tissue.

权利要求:
Claims (2)
[1]
1. A method of manufacturing a cutting medical instrument comprising generating plasma in a microwave discharge in an atmosphere of a hydrocarbon compound selected from the group containing methane,
ethane and propane, and the deposition of carbon coating on the instrument surface, which is characterized by the fact that, in order to increase the penetrating power of the instrument into living tissue, into the atmosphere
Hydrocarbon compounds are added in a ratio of 500: 1-0.001: 1, and the base of the tool is heated to 500-1200 ° C.
[2]
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
The fact that the frequency of the supply voltage is maintained in the range of 1-10 GHz.
FIG. 1
FIG. 2

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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

CH675353A5|1990-09-28|

JPS6392345A|1988-04-22|

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法律状态:

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

JP61238842A|JPS6392345A|1986-10-07|1986-10-07|Medical incision and pressure insert instrument and production thereof|

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